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20 Steps to Become a Hacker | How to become hacker

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtaZPBlLeVqiJC8nsh6R-oQCNYiilsbBj6QbVr2BiDUxLrq_xRpB8vFX8DzVgeAU7JEPpn_q_QSzXUEi_qVoYqpfvlRB9G6ZWrfXkskOZrMt7R6UNU4odbLjB8T110L6z6sLkfQIMob_A/s1600/10711.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtaZPBlLeVqiJC8nsh6R-oQCNYiilsbBj6QbVr2BiDUxLrq_xRpB8vFX8DzVgeAU7JEPpn_q_QSzXUEi_qVoYqpfvlRB9G6ZWrfXkskOZrMt7R6UNU4odbLjB8T110L6z6sLkfQIMob_A/s320/10711.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">How to Become a Hacker</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here we come up with post on topic <b><a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/20-steps-to-become-hacker.html">how to become hacker step by step</a></b> in this post we list 20 steps which are essential to <b>become a good ethical hacker</b>. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Steps to become hacker:</span></b></div></div><h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1.<b> Learn TCP/IP</b>, </span></h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Basic Information gathering,Proxies, Socks, SSL, VPN, VPS, RDP, FTP,  POP3, SMTP, Telnet, SSH. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><br /><h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. Learn Linux, Unix, Windows - </span></h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can do this using vmware or any virtual desktop utility. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. Learn a programming language that's compatible with all OS - Perl, Python, C .</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">4. Learn HTML, PHP, Javascript, ASP, XML, SQL, XSS, SQLI, RFI, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">LFI </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">5. Learn Reverse engineering and crack some programs for serials easy ones like mirc,   winzip, winrar or old games. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">6. Code a fuzzer for common protocols - ftp, pop3, 80, 8080 - Pick some free software like ftp server, mail server, apache or iis webserver or a webserver all-in-one pack, or teamspeak, ventrilo, mumble. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">7. Code a tool that uses grep to sort out unique code in source codes. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">8. Make a custom IPtable, IPsec firewall that blocks all incoming traffic and out going traffic and add filters to accept  certain ports that your software or scripts use. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">9. Pick a kernel in linux or unix, also pick a Microsoft OS version lets say Winxp pro sp2 put them on the virtual desktops (vmware) and find and code a new local exploit in those versions, then install a Apache webserver on the Linux/Unix and a IIS webserver on the winxp pro and attempt to find and code a new local reverse_tcp_shell exploit. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">10. Learn Cisco Router and Switch configuration and setup. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">11. Learn Checkpoint Setup and Config </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">12. Learn Wifi scanning,cracking, sniffing. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">13. Pick a person in you phonebook for the area code you live in or city then ring the person </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">on a anonymous line like skype or a payphone or a carded sim and attempt to social engineer the person for </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">his name, address, data of birth, city born, country born, ISP connected with, Phone company connected with, What bank he/she uses and anything else you can get.Then Attempt to ring using a spoof caller ID software with the person's phone number - call the ISP and try reset the password to his/her internet connection/ webmail, get access to bank account or ask them to send out a new *** to a new address (drop) with a new pin, reset of phone company passwords. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">14. Use your information gathering skills to get all the information off a website like a shop then use the spoof </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">callerID software or hack your phone to show a new number of the Webserver's Tech Support number then ring the shop owner and try get the shop site password. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">15. Do the same thing but attempt to use a web attack against a site or shop to gainadmin access. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">16. Once got access upload a shell and attempt to exploit the server to gain root using a</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">exploit you coded not someone else s exploit. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">17. Make your own Linux Distro </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">18. Use your own Linux Distro or use a vanilla Linux gnome (not kde) keep it with not much graphics so you can learn how to depend on the terminal and start from scratch install applications that you will only need for a blackbox (Security test box), make folders for fuzzers, exploits, scanners..etc Then load them up with your own scripts and other tools ( By this stage you shouldn't need to depend on other peoples scripts). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">19. Learn macosx and attempt to gain access to a Macosx box whether it be your own or someones else s. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">20. Create a secure home network and secure your own systems with your own Security policies and firewall settings. All this isn't a over night learning it will take a nice 3 - 4 years to learn a bit of this 5+ years to learn most of it and even then you may need time to keep learn as IT keeps changing everyday.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Note:</b> this post is for educational purpose only and please tell in comments if you have any <a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/20-steps-to-become-hacker.html">secrets about learning hacking</a>.</span>

20 Steps to Become a Hacker | How to become hacker

How to Become a Hacker Here we come up with post on topic how to become hacker step by step in this post we list 20 steps which are essenti...

How To Create Google Adsense Account

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj315kjP2L2f_BHrpzTv1EUFHRUVrWlAXqMdvDiIIHSZLSYKJ2S46MABOJPJKahVkL7oP5iAndbhCr65R5FljoczDEw0N5ObG3O_sJyys5GPDqwZ6mrIuvQIij14r4qakE5QLCCPycWxQ/s1600/earn+money+with+adsense+create+a+google+adsense+account.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="How To Create Google Adsense Account" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj315kjP2L2f_BHrpzTv1EUFHRUVrWlAXqMdvDiIIHSZLSYKJ2S46MABOJPJKahVkL7oP5iAndbhCr65R5FljoczDEw0N5ObG3O_sJyys5GPDqwZ6mrIuvQIij14r4qakE5QLCCPycWxQ/s1600/earn+money+with+adsense+create+a+google+adsense+account.jpg" title="How To Create Google Adsense Account" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>How To Create Google Adsense Account</b></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Google AdSense </b>is the most popular option for monetizing online content, but sadly enough, many bloggers don't know <a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/how-to-create-google-adsense-account.html">how to create a Google Adsense account</a>. Creating a AdSense account is very easy thing to do and for being accepted you just need a website or a blog indexed by Google, which should contain a minimum of 10 pages and most important, not violating Google Adsense policies.</span><br /><div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before anything else, you have to <b>apply for a Google Adsense account</b>. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Just go to the Adsense homepage <a href="http://www.google.com/adsense" target="_blank">www.google.com/adsense</a> and click on the "Sign up now" red button.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now you must complete the Adsense registration form:</span></div></div><div><div><h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Step 1.</b></span></h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b></b>Select your Google Account to continue</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho4A1bwu6iGWUO8S7j0MGOrqdSLbuosou4aclJI0dGCGJmIegvAzvCXXIbsTioDf3HBQYs2Es6udwbU7g9DXj6pX2LF-qjYpt2C8OYBBLmIvEpWRVBC0DSxawOx2lS_DwfqLlYjl1izVE/s1600/create+an+adsense+account.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img alt="How To Create Google Adsense Account" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho4A1bwu6iGWUO8S7j0MGOrqdSLbuosou4aclJI0dGCGJmIegvAzvCXXIbsTioDf3HBQYs2Es6udwbU7g9DXj6pX2LF-qjYpt2C8OYBBLmIvEpWRVBC0DSxawOx2lS_DwfqLlYjl1izVE/s1600/create+an+adsense+account.png" title="How To Create Google Adsense Account" /></span></a></div><h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Step 2.</b></span></h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b></b>Tell us about your content: enter your main website/blog URL where you want ads to be displayed, then select your website content language.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Read and pay attention to the <a href="https://support.google.com/adsense/answer/48182?hl=en" target="_blank">Google Adsense policies</a>, because if you violate the rules, your account might be disabled later. And unfortunately, you have small chances to get it back.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzXSkOZce6xHqcG8DmkT_BXe8lMfBxRfiptYeRnJA6zBW3zM6rsIdGLF5wSdgpaogj6qUIVyDxFnI1YNXuiG2ubAo6xfJv3IZcNRNfEGmRjRcybQuhOjmfIfWwpECnvcYT794E5mrcE4/s1600/adsense+account+earn+money+online.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img alt="How To Create Google Adsense Account" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSzXSkOZce6xHqcG8DmkT_BXe8lMfBxRfiptYeRnJA6zBW3zM6rsIdGLF5wSdgpaogj6qUIVyDxFnI1YNXuiG2ubAo6xfJv3IZcNRNfEGmRjRcybQuhOjmfIfWwpECnvcYT794E5mrcE4/s1600/adsense+account+earn+money+online.png" title="How To Create Google Adsense Account" /></span></a></div><h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rules:</span></h3></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1. I will not click on my ads nor encourage others to do so. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. I will not place ads on sites that include adult content, including pornography. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. I will not place ads on sites involved in the distribution of copyrighted materials. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">4. I do not already have a Google AdSense account. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">5. I will not place ads on sites that include incentives to click on ads. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Check "I have read and agree...", and then press "Continue"</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Step 3. Submit your adSense application: select your account type and enter your personal information (country, your real name, address, phone). These informations will be used when you will receive your payment. Next, press "Submit my application" to finish with the registration.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Recommended</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> : <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/06/tips-to-avoid-your-google-adsense.html" target="_blank">Tips to avoid from getting account Banned</a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div></div></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After submit the form Google will review your blog and your registration. Wait maximum 2 weeks to get your AdSense registration approved... or rejected. Google will send you an email to your inbox if your account has been approved.</span></div><div><br /></div></div>

How To Create Google Adsense Account

How To Create Google Adsense Account Google AdSense is the most popular option for monetizing online content, but sadly enough, many blogge...

Addition and Subtraction Instructions in Assembly language

<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1971221629799292232" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1971221629799292232" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Addition and Subtraction Instructions in Assembly language</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Addition and Subtraction Instructions in <a href="http://anzaq.com/search/label/Assembly%20language" target="_blank">Assembly language</a></span></div></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here are some instructions of assembly language which are written to demonstrate</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">ate the working of <a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/addition-and-subtraction-instructions.html">addition and subtraction in assembly language</a> using Nasam Compiler.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Note: V = valid, I = invalid</b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Assume that all operations are unsigned.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span> <br /><ol><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Add ax , bx        V</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Add dx , bl         I (Operand  size mismatch)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Add ecx , dx      I</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sub si , di           V</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ad bx , 9000     I (Source to large)  </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sub ds , 1           I (Segment register)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">dec ip                 I can not modify IP</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">dec edx              V</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Add edx,100h  V</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sub ah, 126h    I (Source to large)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sub al, 256       I (Source to large)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">inc ax,1             I extraneous operands</span></li></ol>

Addition and Subtraction Instructions in Assembly language

Addition and Subtraction Instructions in Assembly language Addition and Subtraction Instructions in Assembly language Here are some instruct...

How to Know if Someone Accessed My Computer When I am Away

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpyItfYMHMhFGfkdFJCfnYQbwmGNQB9yGY0_lcJJ1wImHymnDG9I-sSwgBlAKRDlV9Hiynl4oaKX0kUcKR7C7FXbIpf1OX9mvzoGwRR9m2imD38Jn33PUzy2O1ZBFOG4ZPfxqnbQ6xFp4/s1600/12504_162858677211537_1722061111_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img alt="How to Know if Someone Accessed My Computer When I am Away" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpyItfYMHMhFGfkdFJCfnYQbwmGNQB9yGY0_lcJJ1wImHymnDG9I-sSwgBlAKRDlV9Hiynl4oaKX0kUcKR7C7FXbIpf1OX9mvzoGwRR9m2imD38Jn33PUzy2O1ZBFOG4ZPfxqnbQ6xFp4/s1600/12504_162858677211537_1722061111_n.jpg" title="How to Know if Someone Accessed My Computer When I am Away" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 18px;"><b>How to Know if Someone Accessed My Computer When I am Away</b></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;" /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;" /></span> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 18px;">So, how do you know if someone tried to <b><a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/how-to-know-if-someone-accessed-my.html" target="">access your computer in your absence</a></b>? Well, here is a way by which you get notified every time when such an attempt is made.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;" /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;">The website called </span><a href="http://www.mouselock.co/" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="background-color: white; cursor: pointer; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.mouselock.co</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"> gives a solution here. All you have to do is visit the site’s homepage, sign in to your Gmail account and select your secret point (unlock code)</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;"> from the screen. Once you do this, you will have to place your mouse cursor into the slot shown and click on it. This will activate the mouse lock feature on your computer screen.<br />If you have a webcam attached to your computer, you can even get the photo of the person trying to intrude. This will make it easy for you to figure out who actually was the person.<br /><br />As this is an easy to use web application, you can use it any time just by loading the MouseLock website without the need to install anything on your computer. Even though MouseLock does not manage to prevent the intrusion, it will give you an instant notification about it, so that you aware of what is happening at your desk when you are away.</span><br /></span><br /><br /><h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">How it Works?</span></h3><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">MouseLock operates by using the “mouseLeaveEvent” from JQuery to track the mouse movements. On the other hand, it uses the “getUserMedia()” API that is supported by Chrome and Firefox to capture the webcam photographs.</span>

How to Know if Someone Accessed My Computer When I am Away

How to Know if Someone Accessed My Computer When I am Away So, how do you know if someone tried to access your computer in your absence ? ...

C++ program Statements using Loops

<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1971221629799292232" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>C++ program Statements using Loops </b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here are some<b> program statements</b> which can be used as practice of<b> Loops</b> and also for <b>assignment</b> to students.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /> 1.Write a program that accept input from user and display its factorial.(While </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Loop)</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Example: 5! 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5=120</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2.Write a C++ program which take input from user and Show Maximum and </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Minimum number among them. Program terminate when user enter 0.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sample output:</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">enter number:5</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">enter number:9</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">enter number:125</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">enter number:6</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">enter number:0</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Maximum number=125</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Minimum number=5</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. Write a program which takes number and length from user and print table of </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">that </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">number. e.g user enter num=2 and length=5 you have to print table of 2 up to </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2X5=10.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">4.Write a program which shows product of odd numbers between 1 to 100.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">5.Write a program which Sum of 1 to 100 numbers divisible by 4.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">6.Write a program which take number from user and show all dividers of that </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">number.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">7.Write a program which use For Loop to check number is Prime or Not.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">8.Write a program which use while loop to show prime numbers between 2 to 100.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">9.Write a program to enter 20 numbers and at the end it should display the count </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">of positive, negative and zeros entered. (while Loop)</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">10.Write a program to calculate the sum of following series where n is input by </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">user.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 +…………1/n</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">11.Write a program using any loop which shows complete Ascii table and their </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">values.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">12.Write a Program which accept range from user and Print Sum of Even and Odd </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">number between range.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">13.Write a program which select a number randomly from 1 to 10 and ask user to </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">guess that number and after each result confirm from user that he want to </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">play </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">more or not.(do While).hint use rand function for random numbers </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">next Page</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">14.Print the pattern like shown below with loops , where the number of stars in </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">first row rectangle is input by user</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Example if no of stars are 11 in first rectangle</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">* - ***********</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">*** - *********</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">***** - *******</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">******* - *****</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">********* - ***</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">*********** - *</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">15.Print the pattern like shown below with any loop , where the X(variable) is </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">input by user</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Example if X is 6</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">*** ******</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">****** ***</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">*** ******</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">****** ***</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">*** ******</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">****** ***</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">C++ <a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/c-program-statements-using-loops.html">program Statements using Loops</a></span>

C++ program Statements using Loops

C++ program Statements using Loops Here are some program statements which can be used as practice of Loops and also for assignment to...

C++ Program statements using Functions

<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1971221629799292232" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1971221629799292232" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1971221629799292232" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">C++ Program <b>statements using Functions</b></span></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here is a list of some programs which can be used as practice of <a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/c-program-statements-using-functions.html">C++ programming using functions</a></span></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1. Write a program in which a functions return the sum, subtraction, </span>multiplication and    </div></span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">    division (depending on users choice) of 2 numbers taken from main.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. Write a program that prints maximum number among 3 values taken from user.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. Write a program to swap the values of two integers.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">4. Write a function to check whether the year entered from user is leap or not.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">5. Write a function that receives marks of 3 students and returns average and</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Percentage of numbers.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">6. Write a program that reads five-digits integer and check whether it is a</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Palindrome.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">    enter 0 to exit program</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    Sample output:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    Enter a five digit Number : 11611</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    11611 is a Palindrome</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">7. Write a program which check username and password and display Login</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> information is      </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">    correct or Not. Show password in asterisks(*)</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    Sample output:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    Enter user name: uog</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    Enter password: *****</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">    Log in information is Correct !</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">8. Write a program in which function checks whether character passing from</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> main </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">is capital </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">    or not, if it is capital show that alphabet else first make it capital then</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> show it.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">9. Write a program to calculate Area and perimeter of a circle.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">10.Write a program to show sum of first n values where n is input from user.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">11. An integer is entered through keyboard. Write a program to find prime factors </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">of the number e.g prime factors of 35 are 5 and 7.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">12. Write a program that takes 5-digit number from user where one function will</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">return its reverse and the sum of these digits will be calculated using another</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">function. e.g reverse of number 12345 is 54321 and sum of digits is 15.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">14. Write a function that receives a string and at the end you have to show how</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">many capital letters, small letters, integers and symbols it contains. Program</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">should terminate on pressing esc key.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">15. An integer is input through user. Write a program to show next prime number</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">of entered number.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">C++ Program </span><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">statements using Functions</b></div>

C++ Program statements using Functions

C++ Program statements using Functions Here is a list of some programs which can be used as practice of C++ programming using functions 1. W...

What is Software Engineering?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT2fbmJyvNzEtqxJb2rmIPBfE2n7u7t9MIzDQO3yC4wgUVxw4JeNJKSnwrzteE5s1YJ-LdYlQC1J4f7Fhs30c7RjlZKZXlHcPcEOTgq6Uusse1rOs_QPuaTNRJQbvAr8nct3c50h6m1os/s1600/software-engineer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="What is Software Engineering?" border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT2fbmJyvNzEtqxJb2rmIPBfE2n7u7t9MIzDQO3yC4wgUVxw4JeNJKSnwrzteE5s1YJ-LdYlQC1J4f7Fhs30c7RjlZKZXlHcPcEOTgq6Uusse1rOs_QPuaTNRJQbvAr8nct3c50h6m1os/s320/software-engineer.jpg" title="What is Software Engineering?" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What is Software Engineering?</span></b></div><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /> <br /></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Software:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">“Software is the set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.”</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">“Computer programs and associated documentation.”<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Another definition of software is as fallow<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">“when we write a program for the computer we named it as software.”<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">But software is not just a program , instruction or documentation. Some of the constituted items of software are described below.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Program</b>: The program and code itself included in the software.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>Data</b>: The data on which the program operates is also considered as a part of software.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtYWLemR7D505-80oo4FDm14QHKX9MZb5W5AvOI7YpuTl8BaOLPnumX-cu8Vg6cXrQcz8sU0XTny_rwRffQg4aoPFK0G03y350asv3ToCffCEE65f0knbZbvbp2zPdY1GUpPqckVO6NOY/s1600/software_engineering.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="What is Software Engineering?" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtYWLemR7D505-80oo4FDm14QHKX9MZb5W5AvOI7YpuTl8BaOLPnumX-cu8Vg6cXrQcz8sU0XTny_rwRffQg4aoPFK0G03y350asv3ToCffCEE65f0knbZbvbp2zPdY1GUpPqckVO6NOY/s200/software_engineering.png" title="What is Software Engineering?" width="155" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b>Documentation</b>: All the documents related to the software are also considered as the part of software.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">So software is not just a code written in any computer language. It include the data and all documentation related to the program.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>There are two types of software   <o:p></o:p></b></span></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">System software<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Application software</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><h3><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Software engineering:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The term </span><a href="http://www.anzaq.com/2013/04/what-is-software-engineering.html">software engineering</a><span style="font-weight: normal;"> first appeared in the 1968 NATO software engineering conference, and was meant to provoke the thought regarding the perceived “software crisis” at the time.</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">“Software engineering is the discipline of designing, writing , maintaining  , testing and implementing software.”</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">“Software engineering is also a profession, practiced by software engineers.”</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">“Software engineering is the discipline of providing methods and tools for the construction of quality software with the limited budget and given deadline.”</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">According to IEEE definition:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">“The application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software.” </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Importance of software engineering:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things that are used in software production like:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Programming Language</li><li>Programming Language Design</li><li>Software Design Techniques</li><li>Tools</li><li>Testing</li><li>Maintenance</li><li>Development </li></ul></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">So all those thing that are related to software are also related to software engineering. Some of you might have thought that how programming language design could be related to software engineering. If you look more closely at the software engineering definitions described above then you will definitely see that software engineering is related to all those things that are helpful in software development. So is the case with programming language design. Programming language design is one of the major successes in last fifty years. The design of Ada language was considered as the considerable effort in software engineering.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts made the basis of software engineering.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Software engineering has changed the world’s culture, particularly in countries whose people use computers. Email, the world-wide web and instant messaging enable people to interact in a new ways. Software lowers the cost of many important social goods and services, such as health-care and fire departments. In most systems, including telecommunication system, software is overriding component in terms of cost and complexity. Good software engineering practices and tools can therefore make a substantial difference, even to the extent that may be the driving force of the project success.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">In the USA, software drove 1/4 of all increase in GDP during the 1990s (about $90 billion per year), and 1/6 of all productivity growth (efficiency within GDP) during the late 1990s (about $33 billion per year). Without software engineering computer would have no functionality. Although hardware is just as important, no software mean no computer.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Role of software engineering in different fields:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Undoubtedly software is playing a vital role in all the fields of life these days. We can see many software applications being operated around us in our daily routine. Some of the major areas in which software has played an important role are identified as under:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Business decision-making:<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Software systems have played a major role in businesses where you have to analyse your data and on the basis of that analysis you have to make business decisions. This process of data analysis and decision-making has become very accurate and easy by the use of software.</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Modern scientific investigation and engineering problem solving:<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Scientific investigations and engineering problem solving require an intensive amount of calculations and data analysis. The accuracy of these analyses is also very important in scientific applications. This process has become very easy and accurate by the use of software. For example software systems are becoming more involved in bioinformatics and the process of DNA decoding is only possible by the use of software systems. Similarly many astronomical observations are being recorded and analysed by the software systems these days.</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Games<span style="font-weight: normal;">: We see many computer games these days that interests people of all ages. All these games are drive through software systems.</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Embedded systems<span style="font-weight: normal;">: We see many kinds of gadgets being employed in our daily used things, like small micro controllers used in our cars, televisions, microwave ovens etc.</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">All these systems are controlled through the software.Similarly in many other fields like education, office automation, Internet applications etc.,Software is being used. Due to its central importance and massive use in many fields it is</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">contributing a lot in terms of economic activity started by the software products. Billions and trillions of dollars are being invested in this field throughout the world every year.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Interlink of software engineering with CS/IT:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Software engineering is the specific department of CS which you get specialization in software development but in IT it’s offer as special course for those students they are interested in IT.The science concerned with putting scientific knowledge to practical use. There are many engineering fields like electrical, mechanical and civil engineering. All these branches of engineering are based on physics. Physics itself is not engineering but the use of physics in making buildings, electronic devices and machines is engineering. When we use physics in constructing buildings then it is called civil engineering. When we use physics in making machines like engines or cars then it is called mechanical</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">engineering. And when we apply the knowledge of physics in developing electronic devices then the process is called electrical engineering. The relation of computer science with software engineering is similar as the relation of physics with the electrical, mechanical or civil engineering or for that matter the relation of any basic science with any engineering field. So in this context we can define software engineering as: </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">”This is the process of utilizing our knowledge of computer science in effective</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">production of software systems.”</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Comparing Related Fields:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">The relationship between the software engineering and the related fields of programming, computer science and traditional engineering has been debated from many decades. Many of the similarities and differences are discussed here.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Comparing programming:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Programmers emphasize the task of writing code. Software engineers work on all sizes of applications: small and large. Programming emphasizes coding to produce working software applications, independent of budget and schedule. Software engineering tries to encompass software projects more completely, including budget and schedule. Software engineering recognizes that software development fits in a large business context with relationships to marketing, sales, production, installation, training, support and operations. Software engineering emphasizes methods to construct large applications that individual programmers cannot write alone. Software engineering tries to come up with methods to write programs in a consistent way.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Comparing computer science:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Many believe that (metaphorically) software engineering is to computer science and information science as traditional engineering is to physics and chemistry. While 40% of software engineers earn computer science degrees, they do not practice computer science every day, which is different than practicing software engineering every day.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Comparing traditional engineering:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Some practitioners believe that they apply concepts of traditional engineering to software design and implementation . They believe this provides a structured, logical approach and subsequently, a stable final product. Other practitioners are inspired by traditional engineering, but believe that software problems need particular solutions. They believe that traditional engineering concepts may not apply , because software is fundamentally different than bridges and roads. For example, traditional engineers do not use compilers or linker to build roads. Software engineers aspire to build low-cost, reliable, safe software, which is much like what traditional engineers do. Software engineers borrow many metaphors and techniques from traditional engineering disciplines: requirements analysis, quality control and project management techniques. Traditional engineers now use software tools to design and analyse systems, such as bridges and buildings. These new kinds of design and analysis resemble programming in many respects, because the work exists as electronic documents and goes through analysis, design, implementation and testing phases just like software. The term engineering causes a lot of confusion. Some believe that it means that practitioners must be engineers. Others believe that software engineering is a metaphor. Engineers may work with a leading agency, be it a profit-seeking corporation (a business), a government (civilian or military), or non-profit agency such as school. </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">In the U.S., there are 10 times as many software engineers as computer engineers, and the software engineering community is about 60% as large as the traditional engineering community.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Some claim that software engineering is already as predictable and reliable as many fields of engineering, such as space or biological engineering. Although large, reliable software systems can be and have been constructed, software projects that fail during construction or in service are still too common. However, failures in large traditional engineering systems, such as those preceding the disasters in three miles island, Chernobyl, Bhopal disaster, space shuttles challenger and Columbia are also too common. . Others argue that unlike in traditional engineering where practitioners analyse failures, find precise causes, and set up guidelines to avoid them in the future software engineers routinely fail to pinpoint causes of failure or delay precisely enough to avoid repeats in the future.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Future trends in software engineering:</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">The world is changing and so are the demands on software engineering discipline. In this talk software engineering highlight some of the recent trends, namely the rise of empirical software engineering, of multi-core software engineering, of web service engineering, of secure, dependable and energy conscientious engineering.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">BIO<span style="font-weight: normal;">: Wolfram Schulte is a principal researcher and the founding manager of Microsoft’s </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">Research in Software Engineering (RISE) team in Redmond, WA., USA. His team </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">focuses on improving software productivity by providing better analytic s, languages and </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">tools for describing, analyzing, testing and executing software. Before joining Microsoft </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">Research in 1999, he worked at the University of Ulm (1993-1999), at sd&m, a German </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">software company (1992-1993), and at the Technical University Berlin (1987-1992).</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Model-driven architecture (MDA) </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Not old-style computer-aided software engineering (CASE), i.e. discredited round-trip engineering </li><li>Capture different levels of abstraction; elaborating lower-levels, constrained by higher-levels </li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Software factories </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Component-based libraries and frameworks </li><li>Meta-object facility (MOF) for store and registry of component meta-data. Dependency-injection, e.g. Spring factory </li><li>Mocks objects to complement, not replace, unit and integration testing using fixtures </li></ul></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Service-oriented architecture (SOA) </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Continuing growth and refinement of ontology-based software engineering </li><li>Return to not-quite components, i.e. facade for service interfaces that are Explicit growth of resource description framework (RDF), web ontology language (OWL) - semantic-description languages and extensions (hard problem!) </li><li>Realisation that C++, Java, C#, perl, python, yacc/bison (of course) incorporate support for domain-specific languages (DSLs) by extension, genericity and composition </li><li>Convergence of object-oriented analysis and design with design and enterprise patterns </li><li>Combine patterns and domain ontology to give DSL independent of technology and platforms - "form follows function" </li></ul></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Non-trivial systems </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>software and systems engineering merge into concrete discipline </li><li>integration architecture, distributed and real-time computing are increasingly seen as facets of same problem </li><li>enterprise security, single sign on, unified data views, portals - service and system mash ups at user and data levels </li><li>two-level development: </li></ul></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">1) service and business levels based on business/logical processes and composite services; </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">2) implementations that conform to service and interface contracts can be in any technology, i.e. custom software, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) or free and open source software (FOSS) </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>well-defined registry interface - "think global over enterprise, act local" every system and application adheres to enterprise guidelines </li><li>configurable and adaptable - constrained flexibility due to absolute need to confidently test known configurations </li></ul></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Cross discipline </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><ul><li>computer science and software engineering, psychology, management </li><li>unified analysis, richer toolkit of analytic s and heuristics </li><li>mature processes, peer review and accreditation.</li></ul></div></span></h3></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><ul type="disc"></ul></div></div>

What is Software Engineering?

What is Software Engineering? Software: “Software is the set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.” “Computer programs and assoc...